预防和治疗高胆固醇 (Hyperlipidemia)

了解你的数字——以及如何处理它们.

When it comes to cholesterol, it's important to know your numbers. Hyperlipidemia means your blood has too many lipids, or fats, such as cholesterol 和 triglycerides. 高脂血症的一种是高胆固醇血症, 这意味着你有太多的非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低密度脂蛋白 (坏)胆固醇在你的血液中. This condition increases fatty deposits in arteries 和 the risk of blockages.

Another way your cholesterol numbers can be out of balance is when your HDL (good) cholesterol level is too low. With less HDL to remove cholesterol from your arteries, your risk of 斑块阻塞增加. 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病, 或ASCVD, involves 斑块 buildup in artery walls which includes conditions such as 急性冠状动脉综合征和外周动脉疾病会导致心脏病发作稳定的 or 不稳定性心绞痛, 中风, 短暂性脑缺血发作 or 主动脉瘤.

下载降低患ASCVD的风险(PDF) | 西班牙语(PDF)

If you’re diagnosed with high cholesterol, your overall health 和 other risks such as 吸烟 or 高血压将有助于指导治疗. These factors can combine with high 低密度脂蛋白 cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol levels to affect your cardiovascular health. Your health care professional may use the ASCVD Risk Calculator to assess your risk of a coronary event in the next 10 years.

The good news is that high cholesterol can be lowered, reducing the risk of heart disease 和中风. 如果你是20岁以上, have your cholesterol tested 和 work with your health care professional to adjust your cholesterol levels as needed.

Often, changing behaviors can help bring your numbers into line. If lifestyle changes alone don’t improve your cholesterol levels, 药物治疗可能是规定的. 生活方式的改变包括:

吃有益心脏健康的饮食

从饮食的角度来看, the best way to lower your cholesterol is to reduce your intake of saturated fat 和 trans fat. The 美国心脏协会 recommends limiting saturated fat to less than 6% of daily calories 和 avoiding trans fats.

Reducing these fats means limiting your intake of red meat 和 dairy products made with whole milk. Choose skim milk, low-fat or fat-free dairy products instead. It also means limiting fried food 和 cooking with healthy oils, such as vegetable oil.

A heart-healthy diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish, nuts 和非热带植物油, while limiting red 和 processed meats, sodium 和 sugar-sweetened foods 和 beverages.

许多饮食都符合这种一般描述. 例如, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan promoted by the National Heart, 肺, 和血液研究所建议的饮食.S. Department of Agriculture 和 the AHA are heart-healthy approaches. Such diets can be adapted based on your cultural 和 food preferences.

To be smarter about what you eat, pay more attention to food labels. 作为起点:

了解你的脂肪. Knowing which fats raise 低密度脂蛋白 cholesterol (saturated 和 trans fats) 和 which ones don’t (unsaturated fats) is key to lowering your risk of heart disease.
为降低胆固醇而烹饪. A heart-healthy eating plan can help you manage your blood cholesterol level.

多运动

久坐的生活方式会降低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇. Less HDL means there’s less good cholesterol to remove bad cholesterol from your arteries.

体育活动很重要. 至少每周进行150分钟中等强度的有氧运动 is enough to lower both cholesterol 和高血压. 你有很多选择:快走, 游泳, 骑自行车，甚至是在院子里干活都可以.

学习更多关于运动的知识.

戒烟

吸烟和电子烟会降低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇.

更糟糕的是, 当一个胆固醇水平不健康的人也吸烟时, the risk of coronary heart disease increases more than it otherwise would. Smoking also compounds the risk from other risk factors for heart disease, 比如高血压和糖尿病.

By quitting, smokers can lower their triglycerides 和 increase their HDL cholesterol levels. It can also help reduce damage 和 improve how their arteries function. 不吸烟者应避免接触二手烟.

了解更多关于戒烟的知识.

减肥

Being overweight or obese tends to raise the chances of increasing bad cholesterol 和 lowering good cholesterol. But a weight loss of as little as 5% to 10% may help improve some cholesterol numbers 和 other heart disease risk factors.

了解更多关于减肥的知识.

Thoughtful Talks With My Health Care Professional: My 胆固醇 Treatment Plan

Your health care professional can help you reach your health goals, 包括将胆固醇保持在健康水平.

Making decisions with your health care team is the best way to create a treatment plan you’ll be more likely to stick to. If you don’t underst和 something, ask for further clarification.